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- $Unique_ID{BRK03989}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome}
- $Subject{Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome Melkersson Syndrome MRS Cheilitis
- Granulomatosa Bell's Palsy Amyloidosis, Type V }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 599:
- Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Melkersson-Rosenthal
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Melkersson Syndrome
- MRS
- Cheilitis Granulomatosa
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Bell's Palsy
- Amyloidosis, Type V
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. Recurrent
- swelling (edema) of the face, especially the lip, is accompanied by
- intermittent paralysis and a fissured tongue (lingua plicata). This disorder
- usually begins during childhood.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is characterized by chronic swelling of the
- face and peripheral facial paralysis (affecting one or both sides of the
- face) that tends to relapse. In some cases, a fissured tongue (lingua
- plicata) may also occur. Facial swelling may only involve one lip, although
- both lips can be affected. Long-term swelling may cause facial or lip tissue
- to eventually be increased by excessive fibrous tissue. Lengthy intervals
- may separate occurrences, and swelling may not occur at the same time as the
- paralysis. In rare cases, the facial paralysis may become permanent.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is not known. It is
- believed to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete
- penetrance. (In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene
- (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating"
- the other normal gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk
- of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty
- percent for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
- Incomplete penetrance means that all characteristics of a particular trait
- may not be manifested in all those who inherit the gene.) Other researchers
- believe that Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is an autoimmune disease.
- Autoimmune disorders are caused when the body's natural defenses (antibodies)
- against invading organisms suddenly begin to attack healthy tissue. Some
- cases may be linked to abnormal immune reactions by blood cells which produce
- antibodies to a thyroid protein (thyroglobulin), organ wall (parietal) cells,
- adrenal cells, or thyroid.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome usually begins during childhood and tends to
- affect females more often than males. This disorder was originally
- identified in Europe.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Melkersson-
- Rosenthal Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Bell's Palsy is a unilateral facial paralysis of sudden onset resulting
- from ischemia or compression of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) in its
- canal in the temporal bone. It is non-progressive and benign, and may be
- partial or complete. The affected muscles usually regain their function
- after one or two months, although in cases of extensive nerve damage, all or
- part of the paralysis may be permanent. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Bell" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Amyloidosis, Type V, also known as cerebral arterial or Iceland type
- Amyloidosis, results from the extracellular accumulation of amyloid, a
- glycoprotein, in quantities sufficient to cause dysfunction. Symptoms such
- as facial paralysis or swelling similar to Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome may
- occur in some cases. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Amyloidosis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of facial paralysis in Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome may involve
- surgery to decompress the facial nerve. However, caution should be used in
- recommending this procedure since it may not be effective in all patients.
- Abnormally swollen lips may be reduced by surgical intervention. Local
- injections of triamcinolone acetonide solution may provide improvement in
- some patients. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- A pilot study involving the anti-Leprosy drug clofazimine as a treatment for
- Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is underway. The mode of action clofazimine
- takes in this disorder is not well understood. Therefore, more intensive
- research is necessary before complete therapeutic value can be evaluated.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 486.
-
- MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME: M.W. Minor, et al.; J Allergy Clin
- Immunol (July 1987, issue 80 (1)). Pp. 64-67.
-
- INTRALESIONAL T LYMPHOCYTE PHENOTYPES AND HLA-DR EXPRESSION IN
- MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME: L. Ronnblom, et al.; Int J Oral Maxillofac
- Surg (October 1986, issue 15 (5)). Pp. 614-619.
-
- TOTAL FACIAL NERVE DECOMPRESSION IN RECURRENT FACIAL PARALYSIS AND THE
- MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME: A PRELIMINARY REPORT: M.D. Graham, et al.; Am
- J Otol (January 1986, issue 7 (1)). Pp. 34-37.
-
- THE MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME: W. B. Wadlington, et al.; Pediatrics
- (April 1984, issue 73 (4)). Pp. 502-560.
-
-